The primary side effect of tigilanol tiglate (TT) on equine sarcoids is a localized inflammatory response at the treatment site, causing bruising, swelling, pain, and tissue sloughing (necrosis and loss of the tumor mass). Horses may also experience minor lethargy and discomfort for a few days after treatment. More serious, but less common, complications can include jugular thrombophlebitis, or inflammation of a vein, and lymph node abscessation. [1, 2, 3, 4]
Common Side Effects
- Localized Inflammation: A rapid, intense inflammatory response occurs at the treatment site. [1, 5]
- Tissue Necrosis and Sloughing: The tumor undergoes hemorrhagic necrosis (bleeding death of tissue) and then sloughs off the wound. [1, 5]
- Pain and Discomfort: Horses may experience discomfort at the injection site for several days. [1, 3]
- Lethargy: Some horses may show signs of lethargy or inappetence for the first 24-36 hours after treatment. [1, 3, 4]
- Bruising and Discoloration: Bruising and discoloration at the treatment site are common. [1, 2]
- Ulceration: Bleeding ulcerations at the site of injection are possible. [2]
Management and Other Considerations
- Concurrent Medications: The inflammatory response, pain, and edema (swelling) are often managed with concomitant medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or dexamethasone. [3, 4]
- Wound Healing: The wound that forms after the tumor sloughs typically heals uneventfully. [1, 3]
- Overly Robust Response: While the inflammatory response is crucial for the drug's action, an overly robust response can lead to more extensive swelling and larger wounds. [6]
- Dose Management: It is crucial not to administer excessive doses of TT to avoid complications. [4, 7]
- Adjunctive Therapy: In some cases, a single treatment may not be sufficient, and multiple treatments may be required. [4]
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